Review on Electrodes: Types, Properties, and Performance Metrics

Abstract

The target study is aimed at exploring perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a particular focus on the structure, functionality, and performance of their electrodes. This research presents an in-depth comparative evaluation of the different types of electrodes utilized in PSC technology, emphasizing their electrical properties, material characteristics, mechanical flexibility, and operational stability under various environmental conditions. By analyzing recent advancements and experimental findings, the study highlights the strengths and limitations associated with each electrode category, including their influence on overall device efficiency and lifespan. Furthermore, critical areas requiring improvement, such as material optimization, cost reduction, and enhancement of stability are identified to guide future developmental efforts. The study also investigates the commercial potential of these electrodes, discussing scalability, fabrication challenges, and their suitability for integration into large-scale solar energy systems. Overall, this research aims to contribute valuable insights toward improving PSC performance and enabling their practical commercialization.